In the fin-de-siècle Vienna of Sigmund Freud, Gustav Klimt, and Ernst Mach, natural science was a vehicle for educating citizens, a source of moral authority for a battered liberalism, a resource for the birth of aesthetic modernism, and a leisure activity that shaped bourgeois domestic life. Vienna in the Age of Uncertainty traces the vital and varied roles of science through the story of three generations of the eminent Exner family, whose members included Nobel Prize–winning biologist Karl Frisch, the teachers of Freud and of physicist Erwin Schrödinger, artists of the Vienna Secession, and a leader of Vienna’s women’s movement.